» Introduction:
Linux's flexibility, reliability, and cost-effectiveness have contributed to its widespread adoption in various industries and applications, from web servers and cloud computing to IoT devices and supercomputers.
⋆ What is Linux?
💻 Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Unix operating system. It was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since become one of the most popular and widely used operating systems in the world. Linux is known for its stability, security, and versatility and is used in various applications, from running servers and data centers to powering desktop computers, smartphones, and embedded systems.
⋆ The architecture of Linux :
The Linux architecture follows a modular design, where different layers interact with one another through well-defined interfaces, promoting flexibility and extensibility. The open-source nature of Linux allows for continuous improvement and contributions from a global community of developers, resulting in a powerful and versatile operating system.
The architecture of Linux can be divided into several layers that work together to provide the functionality of the operating system. Here are the key components and layers of the Linux architecture:
• Hardware Layer: This layer consists of the physical hardware components of the computer, such as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory (RAM), storage devices (hard drives or SSDs), network interface cards, and other peripherals.
• Kernel: It is responsible for managing system resources, providing abstractions for hardware, handling process scheduling, and managing memory. The kernel is monolithic, meaning it includes all essential functionalities directly within the kernel space.
• Shell: The shell is the user interface to the operating system. It provides a command-line interface (CLI) that allows users to interact with the system by entering commands. The shell interprets these commands and executes them by making system calls to the kernel.
• Utilities: This layer consists of a set of programs that perform various system-level tasks, such as managing processes, controlling user accounts, and configuring system settings. These utilities are usually command-line programs that are invoked by the user or by other programs.
⋆ Basic Linux Commands:
If you want to use Linux effectively, it is important to learn some basic Linux commands. These commands will allow you to navigate the file system, manage files and directories, and run programs.
By focusing on some basic commands at the start, it will be easy for you to get hands-on with a Command Line Interface of a Linux server in no time.
ls
• The ls command (list) prints a list of the current directory's contents.
ls -l
• Show the contents of a directory in list format.
ls -la
• Show as a list and include hidden files
mkdir
• The mkdir (make directory) command creates a new directory
cd
• The cd command (change directory) is for changing the current working directory.
cd ..
• This cd command will bring the user above one directory
pwd
• This command is used to show the current working directory.
touch
• The touch command is used to create, change and modify the timestamps of a file.
rm
• To remove a file.
📝Conclusion
These are just a few of the most important basic Linux commands. There are many other commands that you can learn, but these will give you a good foundation for working with Linux.
I encourage you to practice using these commands so that you can become comfortable with them. The more you use them, the easier they will become.
Thank you for reading!